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首页> 外文OA文献 >Reappraisal of Europe's most complete Early Cretaceous plesiosaurian : Brancasaurus brancai Wegner, 1914 from the 'Wealden facies' of Germany
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Reappraisal of Europe's most complete Early Cretaceous plesiosaurian : Brancasaurus brancai Wegner, 1914 from the 'Wealden facies' of Germany

机译：重新评估欧洲最完整的早白垩世蛇颈龙：Brancasaurus brancai Wegner，1914年来自德国的“ Wealden相”

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The olotype of Brartcasaurus brancai is one of the most historically famous and anatomically complete Early Cretaceous plesiosaurian fossils. It derived from the Gerdernann & Co. brickworks clay pit near Gronau (Westfalen) in North Rhine-Westphalia, northwestern Germany. Stratigraphically this locality formed part of the classic European "Wealden facies," but is now more formally attributed to the upper most strata of the Buckeberg Group (upper Berriasian). Since its initial description in 1914, the type skeleton of B. brancai has suffered damage both during and after WWII. Sadly, these mishaps have resulted in the loss of substantial information, in particular an structures of the cranium and limb girdles, which are today only evidenced from published text and/or illustrations. This non-confirmable data has, however,. proven crucial for determining the relationships of B. brancai within Plesiosauna. either as an early long-necked elasmosaund, or a member of the controversial Early Cretaceous leptocleidid radiation. To evaluate these competing hypotheses and compile an undated osteological. compendium, we undertook a comprehensive examination of the holotype as it now preserved, and also assessed other Buckeberg Group plesiosaurian fossils to establish a morphological hypodigm. Phylogenetic simulations using the most species-rich datasets of Early Cretaceous plesiosaurians incorporating revised scores for B. brancai, together with a second recently named Backeberg Group plesiosaurian Granausaurus wegneri (Ham pc,. 2013), demonstrated that referral of these taxa to Leptocleididae was not unanimous, and that the topological stability, of this Glade is tenuous. In addition, the trait combinations manifested by B. brancai and G. wegneri were virtually identical. We therefore conclude that these monotypic individuals are ontogenetic morphs and G. wegneri is a junior synonym of B. brancai. Finally, anomalies detected in the diagnostic features for other "Wealden" plesiosaurians have prompted reconsiderations of interspecies homology versus intraspecific variability. We therefore propose that the still unresolved taxonomy of B. brancai should emphasize only those character states evident in the examinable fossil material, and specifically accommodate for growth-related modifications delimited via osteologically mature referred specimens.
机译：布拉氏小龙虾的表型是历史上最著名，解剖学上完整的早白垩世蛇颈龙化石之一。它源自德国西北部北莱茵-威斯特法伦州格罗瑙（威斯特法伦州）附近的Gerdernann＆Co.砖厂粘土坑。从地层上看，该地区是欧洲经典的“ Wealden相”的一部分，但现在更正式地归因于Buckeberg Group（最高Berriasian）的最上层。自1914年首次描述以来，B。brancai的类型骨骼在第二次世界大战期间和之后都遭受了破坏。不幸的是，这些不幸事件导致大量信息的丢失，特别是颅骨和腰带的结构，今天仅从已发表的文字和/或插图中得到了证明。但是，此不可确认的数据具有。事实证明，它对于确定青海假单胞菌之间的关系至关重要。既可以作为早期的长颈elasmosaund，也可以作为有争议的早期白垩纪鳞状针状细胞放射的成员。为了评估这些相互竞争的假设并编制未注明日期的骨科。纲要中，我们对现在保存的整型进行了全面检查，还评估了其他Buckeberg Group的蛇骨化石，以建立形态学上的范例。系统发育模拟使用了物种最丰富的早白垩世蛇颈龙的数据集，并结合了修订后的B. brancai分数，以及第二个最近命名的Backeberg Group蛇颈龙Granausaurus wegneri（Ham pc，2013年），证明这些类群并没有转给鳞甲科这种Glade的一致性以及拓扑的稳定性是微不足道的。此外，B。brancai和G. wegneri表现出的性状组合实际上是相同的。因此，我们得出的结论是，这些单型个体是个体遗传形态，而G. wegneri是B. brancai的初级同义词。最后，在其他“ Wealden”蛇颈龙的诊断特征中检测到的异常促使人们重新考虑种间同源性与种内变异性。因此，我们建议尚未解决的B. brancai分类法应仅强调可检验化石材料中明显的那些特征状态，并特别适应通过骨学成熟的标本界定的与生长相关的修饰。

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